Eco‑driving is one of the most impactful skills a modern driver can learn. With smoother technique, smart planning and conscious choices, you can cut fuel and emissions by up to 30–40%.
For car choice, see Choosing a car. For a general theory overview, see Introduction to the theory test. For attention and interaction, see Attention and interaction.
What is eco‑driving?
Also known as economical driving. It minimises environmental impact by optimising energy use through:
- Steady speeds and avoiding unnecessary accelerations
- Trip planning and route choice
- Using vehicle technology wisely
- Regular maintenance
- Working emission control: see Catalyst, DPF and AdBlue
Techniques to reduce impact
Optimal speed
Speed has a large effect on consumption. For many cars the most efficient motorway range is 50–80 km/h.
| Speed | Extra consumption |
|---|---|
| 90 km/h | 0% (reference) |
| 100 km/h | +15–20% |
| 110 km/h | +25–30% |
| 120 km/h | +35–40% |
Principles:
- Keep a steady speed where possible
- Use cruise control on motorways
- Ease off early instead of hard braking
- Adjust to traffic and conditions; see Driving in difficult conditions and Motorway driving
Smooth acceleration and braking
Aggressive driving can increase use by up to 40%. Techniques:
- Gradual acceleration from standstill
- Anticipate and lift early
- Use engine braking where appropriate
- Keep space to flow smoothly
Gear use and coasting
Shift up early and use the highest practical gear. Use gentle coasting where safe and legal.
Tyres and maintenance
Check pressures, alignment and rolling resistance. Maintain the car to factory spec.
Technology and digital aids
Vehicle tech
Modern systems can help when used correctly:
- Start‑stop; see Idling and rules
- Adaptive cruise control; see ACC
- Regenerative braking in hybrids/EVs
- Eco mode and real‑time consumption meters
For EV‑specific planning, see EV charging.
Apps and tools
Navigation with eco‑routes, fuel/energy loggers and driving‑style analysers can each save 5–25% when used.
Seasonal eco‑driving
Winter
Pre‑heat, drive gently while warming up, and increase tyre pressure slightly if appropriate. Expect 15–30% higher use at 0 to −10°C, more below that.
Summary
Eco‑driving blends good technique, planning and choices that benefit both the environment and your wallet. Small changes add up to big effects over time.